Tarin fuka (wanda aka gajarta da tarin fuka) cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cutar da ta fi shafar huhu kuma tana iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki kamar kashin baya, kwakwalwa da koda. A duniya baki daya, tarin fuka babbar matsala ce ta kiwon lafiya musamman a kasashen Afirka da ke fuskantar kalubale da nau'in TB (1). Ana yaɗuwar tarin fuka ta ƙwayoyin iska, yawanci a lokacin tari, atishawa da magana. Akwai manyan nau'ikan tarin fuka guda biyu; Cutar da tarin fuka (inda kwayoyin cuta ke barci a cikin jiki ba tare da haifar da alamu ba). Na biyu, cutar tarin fuka mai aiki (wanda ke yaduwa da alamun bayyanar cututtuka).
Alamomin tarin fuka
Kwayar cutar tarin fuka ta Mycobacterium ta haifar da tarin fuka. Mutanen da ke da tarin tarin fuka ba sa nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka, amma masu fama da tarin fuka suna iya samun tari mai ɗorewa, ciwon ƙirji, tari na jini, gajiya, asarar nauyi, sanyi, zazzabi, da gumi na dare.
Ganewar cutar tarin fuka
Ana gano cutar tarin fuka ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na farko na farko: gwajin fata na Mantoux tuberculin (TST) da gwajin jini na interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Ƙarin gwaje-gwajen bincike na iya haɗawa da sputum da bincike na ruwa na huhu, X-ray na kirji, da CT scans (3).
Maganin tarin fuka
Duk wanda ya kamu da tarin fuka ko nuna alamun ya kamata ya tuntubi mai kula da lafiyarsa da sauri. Binciken farko da magani yana da mahimmanci, saboda tarin fuka na iya zama mai mutuwa (1). Ana maganin tarin fuka tare da haɗin magunguna, ciki har da Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, da Rifapentine (3). Jiyya yawanci yana ɗaukar watanni shida zuwa tara, kuma yana da mahimmanci don kammala cikakken karatun don tabbatar da an kashe duk ƙwayoyin cuta (1,3). Wasu nau'ikan tarin fuka sun haɓaka juriya na ƙwayoyi, suna sa magani ya fi rikitarwa. Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta yi kiyasin cewa kashi 48 cikin 100 ne kawai na masu fama da tarin fuka masu jure wa magunguna da aka gano kuma aka yi musu magani a Afirka suna samun waraka ko samun nasarar kammala magani (1).
Rigakafin tarin fuka
Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da tsabtace hannu mai kyau, da'a na tari, da bin ƙa'idodin magani don guje wa yaduwar cutar. Ana amfani da maganin Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) a wasu ƙasashe masu yawan tarin tarin fuka (4).
Kara karantawa
K. Abato, T. Daniel, P. Prasad, R. Prasad, B. Fekade, Y. Tedla, H. Yusuf, M. Tadesse, D. Tefera, A. Ashenafi, G. Desta, G. Aderaye, K. Olson, S. Thim, A. E. Goldfeld, (2015) Achieving high treatment success for multidrug resistant TB in Africa: initiation and scale-up of MDR TB care in Ethiopia—an observational cohort study. Thorax, (first published online 27 Oct 2015). thoraxjnl-2015-207374.full.pdf (bmj.com)
C. Lin, C. Lin, Y. Kuo, J. Wang, C. Hsu, J. Chen, W. Cheng, L Lee (2014), Tuberculosis mortality: patient characteristics and causes, BMC Infectious Diseases, volume 14, issue 15. Tuberculosis mortality: patient characteristics and causes | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr., M.D., Clifton E. Barry III, Ph.D., and Christoph Lange, M.D., (2015), Treatment of Tuberculosis, The New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 373, Issue 22. Treatment of Tuberculosis Review 2015.pdf (jvsmedicscorner.com)
K du Preez, J A Seddon, H S Schaaf, A C Hesseling, J R Starke, M Osman, C J Lombard, R Solomons (2019), Global shortages of BCG vaccine and tuberculous meningitis in children, volume 7, Issue 1. Global shortages of BCG vaccine and tuberculous meningitis in children - The Lancet Global Health
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