
Autism, wanda kuma aka sani da cuta ta Autism, cuta ce ta ci gaban neurodevelopment (1,2). Dalilin dalili shine yanki na bincike mai gudana, kuma ana sa ran abubuwa da yawa zasu taimaka wajen ci gabansa (2).
Genetics da Autism
Shaidu sun nuna cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Autism. Masana kimiyya sun gano ba kawai kwayar halitta daya ba, amma yawancin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da Autism. Idan wani a cikin iyalinka yana da autism, wasu 'yan uwa na iya haɓaka autism.
Muhalli da Autism
Wasu tasirin muhalli yayin daukar ciki suna ba da gudummawa ga autism. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kansar mahaifa, ciwon sukari, hawan jini, da tsufa na iyayen da suka yi ciki.
Ci gaban fahimta da autism
Autism yana faruwa ne sakamakon bambance-bambancen ci gaban kwakwalwa. Waɗannan bambance-bambance suna shafar sadarwa, hulɗar zamantakewa, da ɗabi'a.
Alamomin Autism
Autism yana bayyana akan bakan, wanda ke nufin yana shafar mutane daban-daban. Wasu alamomin gama gari sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance su zuwa (1)
Wahala tare da mu'amalar jama'a, kamar fahimtar abubuwan da ba na magana ba da kiyaye ido.
Wahalar yin abokai da shiga tattaunawar rukuni.
• Jinkirin magana ko haɓaka harshe.
• Tsarin harshe mai maimaitawa
• Wahalar fahimtar harshe.
• Shiga cikin maimaita motsi (kamar lilo da lankwasawa).
• Haɓaka daidaito da tsari
• Ƙara yawan hankali ga haske, sautuna, laushi, ko ƙamshi.
Yaɗuwar Autism
Nazarin kimiyya kaɗan ne kawai suka yi ƙoƙarin ƙididdige yawan cutar Autism a yankin Saharar Afirka (3). Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan majinyata dubu biyu da ashirin da uku a wani asibitin kula da yara ya nuna cewa mutane hamsin da hudu cikin dubu biyu da ashirin da uku sun kamu da cutar Autism. Wani bincike na 2014 a Uganda ya ba da rahoton yawaitar cutar Autism tsakanin yara maza fiye da 'yan mata (3). Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Najeriya a shekarar 2012 ya kuma nuna cewa yawan kamuwa da cutar Autism ya ninka na maza sau hudu.
Taimakawa mutanen da ke da autism
A halin yanzu babu wani sanannen magani ga Autism, amma sa baki da wuri da tallafi, kamar jiyya da maganganun magana, na iya haɓaka ingancin rayuwa sosai.
Taimakon ilimi, tsare-tsaren ilimi na mutum ɗaya a makaranta (5).
Kara karantawa
MO Bakare, KM Munir, (2011), Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Africa: a perspective, African Journal of Psychiatry, volume 14, page 208-210. Epidemiology, diagnosis, aetiology and knowledge about autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Africa: perspectives from literatures cited in pubmed over the last decade (2000 – 2009) - PMC (nih.gov)
Amina Abubakar, Derrick Ssewanyana, and Charles R. Newton, (2016), A Systematic Review of Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa, Behavioural Neurology, volume 2016. A Systematic Review of Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa (hindawi.com)
A. Kakooza-Mwesige, K. Ssebyala, C. Karamagi et al., “Adaptation of the ‘ten questions’ to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda,” Autism, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 447–457, 2014. Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda - Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige, Keron Ssebyala, Charles Karamagi, Sarah Kiguli, Karen Smith, Meredith C Anderson, Lisa A Croen, Edwin Trevathan, Robin Hansen, Daniel Smith, Judith K Grether, 2014 (sagepub.com)
M. O. Bakare, P. O. Ebigbo, and V. N. Ubochi, “Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among Nigerian children with intellectual disability: a stopgap assessment,” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 513–518, 2012. Project MUSE - Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Nigerian Children with Intellectual Disability: A Stopgap Assessment (jhu.edu)
Daniela Ziskind, MD; Amanda Bennett, MD, MPH; Abbas Jawad, PhD; Nathan Blum, MD (2020), Therapy and Psychotropic Medication Use in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pediatrics, volume 145
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